Despite its simple definition, it is a complicated process. Processes 2017, 5, 34 3 of 25 key areas are explored as they pertain to the optimization of water. In addition, the method includes c waterflooding the reservoir at a voidage replacement ratio vrr less than 1. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions. Furthermore, table 7 shows the water cut for each individual well with and without streamlinebased flood management for the peripheral water drive case. Eclipse frontsim streamline simulator schlumberger software. Production optimization through voidage replacement using. Geostatistical modeling software sgems and coates engineering. The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent production wells. Software development for calculations of voidage replacement. Voidage replacement ratio vrr calculations for the pool indicate that, on average, the total water volume is adequate.
The principal reason for waterflooding an oil reservoir is to increase the. In the reservoir, the objective is to achieve continue reading. The calculation of several distinct physical quantities are sometimeslumped, and not without confusion, under the term voidage calculations. This is a performance update report for a certain period of time for an oil field in a specific area. Voidage replacement ratio vrr as an indicator of performance of waterflooding projects is usually used by regulatory and environmental agencies as a means of monitoring the impact of field. The hall plot analysis enables you to draw conclusions about average injectivity performance. Such models also are available from commercial software providers to the oil. Streamline simulation is also used extensively for waterflood optimization. Understanding reservoir geometry helps optimize your waterflood. Vrr is the ratio of reservoir barrels of injected fluid to reservoir barrels of produced fluid. A base case is run to recalculate water chemical flooding indicators. Waterflooding is the most commonly used secondary oil recovery method which involves the injection of water into the reservoir to maintain the reservoir pressure as close to its initial value with the water displacing the oil to increase production.
Increasing confidence in full field modelling and water. Pdf optimal waterflood voidage management significantly. Voidage, e, is defined as the fraction of the total volume which is free space available for the flow of fluids, and thus the fractional volume of the bed occupied by solid material is 1. Water injection performance central area cumulative voidage replacement ratio is 1. Makeup water is used to replace produced oil in the stratigraphic unit within the project area makeup water is used to maintain voidage replacement in the area. Waterflooding schemes have to be planned such that at every point of the operation, net income from oil recovery exceeds operating expenditure of which produced water disposal cost is paramount. One of the principle inputs to project economics and all business decisions is a realistic production forecast and a practical and achievable development plan i. Water injectionis used to control and maintainthe reservoirpressure. Pdf production optimization through voidage replacement. Understanding reservoir geometry helps optimize your. Water is injected to support the reservoir pressure also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and drive it towards a production well. The desciption should include details of fluid and formation characteristics, results of fluid compatability tests and a list of source wells.
Vrr is the ratio of reservoir barrels of injected fluid to. Voidage calculations for water flood schemes onepetro. For any typical water flood or polymer flood management, maintaining optimum voidage replacement ratio vrr is most crucial for optimizing reservoir performance. Waterflood design and operational best practices slideshare. The proposed injection water, injection pressure, and well integrity arent detrimental to the stratigraphic unit or other permeable zones. Secondary parameters impacting water flood performance are permeability, faulting, residual oil saturation, and relative permeability endpoints. Provide details to achieve instantaneous and cumulative voidage replacement ratio of one. Waterflood management using hybrid approach of streamline. Empirical andor semianalytical tools are frequently applied in most waterflood operations, although gridbased models are also often used. The main objectives of the production forecast and feasibility study for water injection are. It supports the reservoir pressure, also known as voidage replacement. Waterflood management what is waterflood management. Waterflood performance calculations application this ventex web application predicts waterflood performance for oil recovery, using craig geffen morse method.
Reservoir management strategies for development of water. Issues in waterflooding iii introduction to waterflood. The voidage replacement refers to replacing the volume of oil, gas, and water produced from the reservoir by injected fluids. Depending upon the nature of the porous medium, the voidage may range from near zero to almost unity. Watch your voidage replacement ratio and injection pressures.
Waterflood calculations, reports and graphics are presented by layer, zone, reservoir and project summaries. Despite its simple definition, it is a complicated process in reservoir management because of uncertainities involved and lack of all required measurements due to economical or technical restrictions. This is accomplished by voidage replacementinjection of water to. In doing the calculations, there is a need for all these data requiredfor the calculationto. A fullphysics commercial reservoir simulator is coupled with robust optimization software, where a miscible flood operation is modeled with a group bottom hole flowing target coupled with voidage replacement gas and water injection targets. Wo2016073810a1 methods for managing formation voidage. Waterflood project application government of saskatchewan. Simple tools for forecasting waterflood performance.
The simulation results of this realistic case is presented in a way to show the relative significance of. The vrr analysis aids in identifying parts of a field where more or less water must be injected in order to reach or maintain vrr targets. Secondary and tertiary recovery from tight oil reservoirs. Thus, water helps in displacing oil from its location in the reservoir and pushes it toward the producing well. This study reports on initial results from a laboratory program to test the. New technology makes impact on old east texas water flood. Review of field development optimization of waterflooding. The objective of this project is to develop a software for the calculations of voidage replacement ratio vrr. A base case is run to recalculate waterchemical flooding indicators. Hall plot, wor, gor plots, voidage replacement ratio, etc.
In addition, the method comprises b operating the waterflood at a first voidage replacement ratio vrr less than 1. This is accomplished by voidage replacement injection of water to increase the reservoir pressure to its initial level and maintain it near that pressure. The aim of this study is to optimize waterflooding from a case study model. Constraints on voidage replacement ratios, reservoir pressure, sweep efficiencies, production, key performance indicators for salinity and ph and other injectionproduction attributes are honored. Vrr is an indicatorof the performanceof the water injectionprocess. Since reservoirs are more heterogeneous than homogenous, even though the voidage replacement may be unity for the reservoir, some areas may be greater than unity, and others much less than unity.
Voidage replacement is a key element in displacement processes, not only for keeping the reservoir pressure at its initial level but also in mitigating surface subsidence in certain fields. Voidage replacement calculations are often conducted on the entire reservoir, however, reservoir heterogeneity must be considered when interpreting vrr. Besides those tools, we introduce a semianalytical approach, which is a modified version of the yfunction formulation. The various steps of waterflood implementation include cursory screening of candidate fields, scheme planning, project design including pilot design, and the estimation of the. We achieve water cut reduction in most of the producers after 15 and 27 years. In a typical patternflood, a single injector supports many nearby producers, determining its contribution to particular producer is subjective and has inherent uncertainties. The various steps of waterflood implementation include cursory screening of candidate fields, scheme planning, project design. The benefits of injecting water in the reservoir are. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and push it towards a well.
With surveillance analysis, you can perform hall plot and voidage replacement ratio vrr analyses. Optimal voidage replacement ratio for communicating heavy oil. The flood is operating as a vertical displacement flood, with water being injected directly into the water leg that underlies the oil accumulation. In this course, you employ the ofm streamline module to automatically or graphically define waterflood patterns by using production and reservoir data. Water injection wells can be found both on and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Zone will next expand its surveillance methodology to. Waterflooding petrowiki society of petroleum engineers.
Ca2963814a1 methods for managing formation voidage. Water injection or water flooding is done on and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing oil or gas reservoir. Pdf voidage replacement is a key element in displacement. The water displaces oil from the pore spaces, but the efficiency of such displacement depends on many factors e. Further, the method comprises c operating the water flood at a second vrr equal to 1. More importantly, a reservoir wide voidage replacement ratio of 1. This paper examines the performance of some commonly used tools, such as the water oil ratio wor, yfunction, and arps. Reservoir engineers cannot capture full value from waterflood projects on their own.
Pattern flood management option that automatically adjusts production and injection rates to maximize a given criteria such as sweep, or voidage replacement or minimizer water cut compressible and incompressible fluids. Eachtype of voidage calculation, such as withdrawals at constant pressure or gasfilled volume, has its place in evaluating the performance of water floods. The best pattern flood model converged on a rate schedule that led to a 4% increase in oil production, a 17% decrease in water production, and a 5% reduction in the water injection volumes over the best performance achieved using a conventional voidage replacement strategy in the fd model. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluidsinplace ofip based on production and static pressure data. Evaluating waterflooding incremental oil recovery using. The least important parameters are beddip, injection voidage replacement ratio, and pvt properties. It is a fundamental improvement over classic rate target management strategy of using predefined fixed patterns to maintain a pattern voidage replacement ratio vrr close to one, which does little to promote sweep and reduce inefficient fluid cycling. Ihs harmony to monitor waterflood surveillance using voidage replacement ratio calculation. Source water a description of make up water required to meet voidage replacement requirements. To physically simulate reservoir waterflood behavior under the existence of a. Thereafter, the waterflood will be operated as a voidagereplacement process.
Particularly this becomes challenging in supergiant oil fields with medium to low lateral connectivity. The workflows automatically update realtime production data in the simulator. As oil is lighter than water hence it floats on top of the water. We have successfully mitigated high water cut production between inefficient injectorproducer well pairs. Variable voidage replacement ratio waterflooding this statistical research inspired the second approach a largemodel experimental study that found delaying the onset of waterflooding and injecting water using a process termed variable voidage replacement ratio waterflooding could increase heavy oil recovery from 2427% up to 35%. In drilling, water flood is a method of secondary oil recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil. Optimized parameters included critical gas saturation, well. Voidage replacement ratio vrr also known as fifo fluidin.
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